Let's look at a step-by-step process of how oxygen concentrators actually work:
- Ambient air intake: The device begins by drawing ambient air (or room air) through a series of specialised filters. A compressor then takes in this filtered air.
- First sieve bed nitrogen adsorption: The compressed air is directed into the first molecular sieve bed, typically made from zeolite. This is where the nitrogen molecules are adsorbed. Due to the porous nature of the sieve beds, they possess an expansive surface area, facilitating substantial nitrogen adsorption.
- Oxygen concentration: Given that air on Earth typically contains 78% nitrogen and 20% oxygen (and 1-2% other gases), once the nitrogen is adsorbed, the resulting gas is predominantly oxygen, concentrated to approximately 90-95%. This oxygen is now primed for patient delivery.
- First sieve bed saturation: The compressor continues to force air into the first molecular sieve bed until it reaches saturation, typically around 20 psi. Once saturated, the sieve bed can no longer absorb nitrogen efficiently.
- Switch valve activation: Just prior to the first sieve bed reaching its saturation point, a switch valve activates, redirecting the compressor's output to the second molecular sieve bed.
- First sieve bed nitrogen venting: While the second sieve bed begins its adsorption cycle, nitrogen trapped in the first sieve bed is released into the atmosphere. Residual nitrogen is released using a back-flush of oxygen from the opposing sieve bed.
- Return to first sieve bed: The switch valve reallocates the compressor's output back to the first sieve bed once the second sieve bed nears saturation, ensuring a continuous oxygen production cycle. This cyclical process of alternating between the two sieve beds ensures a consistent flow of oxygen. The method of alternating between the sieve beds, based on their saturation levels, is scientifically termed Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA).
- Flowmeter control: Post-PSA, the oxygen output is modulated using a flowmeter, enabling manual adjustment of the flow rate, typically measured in Litres Per Minute (LPM).
- Final oxygen delivery: The concentrated oxygen is finally dispatched through an outlet. Here, it's typically connected to a humidifier and subsequently to an oxygen delivery apparatus, such as a nasal cannula or mask, ensuring the patient receives appropriately humidified, high-concentration oxygen.
Types of Oxygen Concentrators
The two main types of oxygen concentrators are:
Portable Oxygen Concentrators: These are compact and lightweight, designed for individuals on the move. They can be carried around easily and often come with battery options for cordless use.
Stationary Oxygen Concentrators: Also known as home oxygen concentrators, these are larger devices meant to be used primarily in a fixed location. They typically have a higher capacity and can deliver a continuous flow of oxygen.
What Conditions Are Regularly Treated With Oxygen Concentrators?
Oxygen concentrators are primarily used to deliver supplemental oxygen to patients with conditions that result in decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Some conditions that can be treated with oxygen concentrators include:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Heart failure
- Sleep apnea
- Interstitial lung disease
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
While oxygen concentrators can help manage these conditions, it's essential to note that they should only be used under the guidance and prescription of a healthcare professional.
Choose Zone Medical for All Your Oxygen Therapy Needs
Zone Medical provides equipment for oxygen therapy that meets strict quality and performance standards. As a trusted supplier of medical equipment throughout Australia, we offer devices that are both scientifically advanced and rigorously tested. Healthcare professionals and patients can trust Zone Medical for dependable oxygen concentrator solutions, backed by our comprehensive technical support.
